#mainNav {
  border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(5,5,5,.3);
  background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);
  transition: all .2s;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  #mainNav.navbar-shrink {
    border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(5,5,5,.3);
    background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);
  }
}

.py-4 {
  padding-top: 0.5rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0rem !important;
}

.fw-bold {
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  h4, .h4 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }
}

.container {
  max-width: 1000px;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .pt-xl-5 {
    padding-top: 3rem !important;
  }
}

.pt-4 {
  padding-top: 1.5rem !important;
}

.footer-1 {
  padding-top: 0rem !important;
}

.py-5 {
  padding-top: 3rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0rem !important;
}

.py-5-research-second-or-below {
  padding-top: 0rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 0rem !important;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .py-lg-5 {
    padding-top: 0rem !important;
    padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
  }
}

.p-4 {
  padding: 1.5rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
  padding-bottom: 0rem !important;
}

.pt-3 {
  padding-top: 0rem !important;
}

.container, .container-fluid, .container-xxl, .container-xl, .container-lg, .container-md, .container-sm {
  --bs-gutter-x: 1.5rem;
  --bs-gutter-y: 0;
  width: 100%;
  padding-right: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);
  padding-left: calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.my-4 {
  margin-top: 1.5rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .justify-content-xl-left {
    justify-content: left !important;
  }
}

.publication-year {
  font-size: 2.0em;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.first-line-indent {
  display: block;
  text-indent: 30px;
}

#res_e1:before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  height: 80px;
  margin-top: -80px;
  visibility: hidden;
}

#res_e3:before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  height: 80px;
  margin-top: -80px;
  visibility: hidden;
}

#res_e2:before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  height: 80px;
  margin-top: -80px;
  visibility: hidden;
}

.custom-link-style a {
  color: #0d6efd;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.custom-link-style a:hover {
  opacity: 1;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.carousel-control-prev-icon-video, .carousel-control-next-icon-video {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: 50%;
  background-size: 100% 100%;
  background-color: black;
  align-self: center;
}

.people-info-align {
  text-align: left;
}

@media (max-width: 500px) {
  .people-info-align {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
}